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| c. 450 |
| | | The squinch, soon followed by the more sophisticated pendentive, proves a great boon to builders of domes | |
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| 637 |
| | | The Arabs defeat a Persian army at Kadisiya and then sack the city of Ctesiphon, effectively bringing to an end the Sassanian dynasty | |
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| 644 |
| | | A document makes the first known reference to windmills, in use in Persia | |
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| 751 |
| | | A battle at the Talas river, between the Chinese and the Arabs, is a decisive victory for the Arabs | |
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| 751 |
| | | Skilled Chinese paper-makers are captured by the Arabs - beginning the slow westward transmission of the technology of paper | |
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| c. 800 |
| | | Nestorian beliefs become the orthodoxy of the Christian community in Persia, spreading from there to India and China | |
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| c. 866 |
| | | The eastern part of the Persian empire comes under the control of the Saffarid dynasty | |
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| c. 900 |
| | | Zoroastrians migrate from Muslim Persia to India, where they become known as Parsees | |
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| 900 |
| | | The Samanids, replacing the Saffarids, transform their capital at Bukhara into a centre of Persian culture | |
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| 999 |
| | | Mahmud, a Turk, builds an empire based on Ghazni (in modern Afghanistan) | |
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